Note: This site is for reviewing legacy plan of work data from 2007-2011. If you are looking for the current plan of work interface, visit pow.nmsu.edu.
KA 703. Nutrition Education and Behavior (Rio Arriba County)
Plan Goals
Improve health of New Mexico youth participating in the program in Rio Arriba and Taos Counties through healthy food choices, food preparation skills and food resource management.
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KA 703. Nutrition Education and Behavior
Impact Reports
General Nutrition
In addition to the funded series of nutrition education classes, home economist around the state conducted a variety of programs to meet the need of the individuals in their counties. Classes included both one time programs and mini-series classes which were taught in schools, senior centers, activity centers, and churches. Topics included: snacks, gifts, nutrition and health, food safety, grilling, feeding your newborn, feeding your young child, and food preservation.
Food preservation and food safety remain the most consistently taught courses in the state. The need for families to have safe food at affordable cost will continue to be a priority for teaching and training in the coming year.
The Sithsonian exhibit visited Eastern New Mexico University and was titled America by Food. With the food related theme the promoters incorporated activities that served 6,000 people. Weekly movies with a food theme were played as well as one time demonstrations.
Kitchen Creations
A total of 818 individuals (White 44%, African American 1%, Native American 11%, Asian American 1%, Hispanic 40%, Other 3%) participated in 46 Kitchen Creations cooking schools during 2008. Classes were team taught by local Extension Home Economists and a health care professional. Two bilingual cooking schools were held in Dona Ana county in FY2008.
Kitchen Creations cooking schools consist of four, three-hour long lessons. The cooking schools feature current nutrition recommendations for people with diabetes and hands-on food preparation and cooking experiences. Participants completed a 3-day food record and demographics and knowledge questionnaire prior to attending the class and one month after completing the four Kitchen Creations classes.
The 3-day food records were analyzed for energy, calories from fat and saturated fat, grams of fat, saturated fat, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, sugar, milligrams of cholesterol, sodium, diabetes exchange groups and percent of calories from protein, carbohydrates and fat. Analysis of this data showed an improvement of nutrition recommendations for people with diabetes. Participants showed a decrease in energy, fat energy, fat grams, percent of calories from fat, fat exchanges, saturated fat grams, carbohydrate grams, cholesterol and sodium. Bread exchanges and other carbohydrate exchanges also decreased. Vegetable exchanges increased in women but not in men.
ICAN/EFNEP
Ideas for Cooking and Nutrition Program (ICAN) is the umbrella name used in New Mexico to refer to both the Food Stamp Nutrition Education Program (FSNEP) and Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) programs. The primary goal of the ICAN program is to provide individuals with limited resources educational programs that increase the likelihood of all participants making healthy food choices consistent with the most recent dietary advice as reflected in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the MyPyramid.
During 2008 FSNEP reached 35,427 adults (White 25.1%, African American 2.1%, Native American 14.4%, Asian 0.9%, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.3%, Hispanic 57.2%) and 32,498 youth (White 16.1%, African American 2.3%, Native American 12.3%, Asian 0.3%, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.1%, Hispanic 58.9%) in 411 sites in New Mexico, including the Zuni Reservation with the following results:
*Increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables among adults and youth participants by 30% statewide (actual 60%)
*Increase the consumption of whole grains among adult and youth participants by 20% statewide (actual 49%)
*Increase the consumption of dairy products among adult and youth participants by 20% statewide (actual 48%)
*Increase the number of adult participants who maintain a balance between calorie Intake and calorie expenditure by 20% statewide (actual 56%)
*Increase the number of adult participants who use shopping lists by 20% statewide (actual 42%)
*Increase the number of adult and youth participants who compare food prices by 20% statewide (actual 31%)
*Increase the number of adult participants who prepare a food budget by 20% statewide (actual 54%)
*Increase the number of adult and youth participants who wash their hands immediately after handling raw meat or poultry by 20% statewide (actual 11%)
*Increase the number of adult and youth participants who keep perishable foods at room temperature for less than two hours by 20% statewide (actual 36%)
*Increase the number of adult participants who keep food in the house to make last minute meals by 20% statewide (actual 31%)
*Increase the number of adult participants who cook extra food to use for lunches or meals on busy days by 30% statewide (actual 44%)
*Increase the number of youth participants who cook at home by 40% statewide (actual 52%)
During the last quarter of 2008 the evaluation tool for FSNEP was changed and administered to 220 adults. Preliminary data analysis for the 16 question pre- and post-survey show substantial improvement at the group level. More rigorous analysis will be conducted for adults and youth during 2009.
During 2008 EFNEP reached 882 adults and 2,175 youth in Bernalillo and Dona Ana counties. Fifteen educators provided 15,392 hours of education to graduate 801 adults (White 8%, African American 1%, Native American 2%, Hispanic 83%) and 2,175 youth (White 16%, African American 3%, Native American 1%, Hispanic 79%) .
Two evaluation tools are used with the adult EFNEP population - a 24-hour food recall and a 10 question Behavior Change questionnaire. The following results were reported using the 24-hour food recall:
* 15.5% increase in intake of grains
* 16.6% increase in intake of fruits
* 36.4% increase in intake of vegetables
* 28.6% increase in intake of milk
* 15.3% increase in Intake of meats & beans
A summary of the nutrient adequacy ratio for protein, iron, calcium, vitamins A, C, and B6 show an increase of 16.7%.
The 10 question Behavior Change Questionnaire show the following results:
* 45% improved in the area of planning meals
* 45% improved in the area of comparing prices
* 42% improved in having food for the month
* 45% improved in using a grocery list
* 40% improved in following recommended guidelines for letting foods sit out
* 58% improved in thawing foods properly
* 38% improved in providing healthy food choices for their families
* 38% improved in prepared foods without adding salt
* 51% improved in using Nutrition Facts to make food choices
* 45% improved in providing breakfast for their children
Keep Moving Keep Healthy (KMKH)
Keep Moving, Keep Healthy with Diabetes is an educational program developed by Joslin Diabetes Center that targets adults who have diabetes or at risk for developing diabetes. This program is designed to assist individuals in addressing barriers to increasing physical activity and to become more active. KMKH helps individuals with diabetes begin self-management of their diabetes and for those at risk for developing diabetes to help prolong a diagnosis with proper diet and being more physically active. In 2008 plans were made to implement this program in at least 10 counties for 2009 with the assistance of a grant from Joslin ($51,604) materials are provided for each participant to include an exercise DVD, a pedometer, a tape measure, and medical testing – A1C, total cholesterol, and blood pressure. Training materials were developed and promoted through Centra. Training for the home economist was
Coordinated Approach to Children's Health (CATCH)
CATCH is the largest evidence-based coordinated school health program in the United States, teaching children to identify, practice, and adopt healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. In 2008 13,028 students (White 37.7%, African American 3.5%, Native American 3.9%, Hispanic 55.4%) received CATCH programming through one of the 44 participating elementary schools during the school day, 1,218 students (ethnicity information not collected) received CATCH programming during after school through the YMCA, and another 110 students (ethnicity information not collected) received CATCH programming. Funding for the CATCH program is provided from the New Mexico Department of Health for in school programming ($255,000) and from the New Mexico Public Education Department for after school programming ($100,000).
Fit Families
Fit Families is a Healthy lifestyle program for overweight children and their families which provides the knowledge, skills, abilities, and support to learn and incorporate healthy eating behavior and physical activity in their daily lives and improve self-esteem, all of which will improve health and enhance quality of life. Pediatricians, specialists, dietitians, school nurses, youth organizations, and case managers refer clients and patients, expanding their ability to address the problem of childhood obesity.
Six series of Fit Families classes were held in 2008. A total of 165 children and family members participated (attended some of the classes); 70% of the participants graduated (attended at least 5 of the 7 classes) from the program. Of the total 165 participants, 5% were Non-Hispanic and 89% Hispanic, 2% each were either both, African American or other.
Fit Families has expanded to the southern part of Dona Ana County in 2008 by proving 3 classes in Anthony, funded through the New Mexico Department of Health. These classes serve the needs of this border community which are primarily Spanish speakers. A bi-monthly newsletter was developed to mail to children who participated in Fit Families and contains family-oriented exercise activities, food recipes, and health tips.
Funding for Fit Families is provided through a grant from General Mills ($24,000). A new grant was awarded for $15,000 from the New Mexico Diabetes Prevention & Control Program (Department of Health) for 2008.
In addition to the funded series of nutrition education classes, home economist around the state conducted a variety of programs to meet the need of the individuals in their counties. Classes included both one time programs and mini-series classes which were taught in schools, senior centers, activity centers, and churches. Topics included: snacks, gifts, nutrition and health, food safety, grilling, feeding your newborn, feeding your young child, and food preservation.
Food preservation and food safety remain the most consistently taught courses in the state. The need for families to have safe food at affordable cost will continue to be a priority for teaching and training in the coming year.
The Sithsonian exhibit visited Eastern New Mexico University and was titled America by Food. With the food related theme the promoters incorporated activities that served 6,000 people. Weekly movies with a food theme were played as well as one time demonstrations.
Kitchen Creations
A total of 818 individuals (White 44%, African American 1%, Native American 11%, Asian American 1%, Hispanic 40%, Other 3%) participated in 46 Kitchen Creations cooking schools during 2008. Classes were team taught by local Extension Home Economists and a health care professional. Two bilingual cooking schools were held in Dona Ana county in FY2008.
Kitchen Creations cooking schools consist of four, three-hour long lessons. The cooking schools feature current nutrition recommendations for people with diabetes and hands-on food preparation and cooking experiences. Participants completed a 3-day food record and demographics and knowledge questionnaire prior to attending the class and one month after completing the four Kitchen Creations classes.
The 3-day food records were analyzed for energy, calories from fat and saturated fat, grams of fat, saturated fat, protein, carbohydrates, fiber, sugar, milligrams of cholesterol, sodium, diabetes exchange groups and percent of calories from protein, carbohydrates and fat. Analysis of this data showed an improvement of nutrition recommendations for people with diabetes. Participants showed a decrease in energy, fat energy, fat grams, percent of calories from fat, fat exchanges, saturated fat grams, carbohydrate grams, cholesterol and sodium. Bread exchanges and other carbohydrate exchanges also decreased. Vegetable exchanges increased in women but not in men.
ICAN/EFNEP
Ideas for Cooking and Nutrition Program (ICAN) is the umbrella name used in New Mexico to refer to both the Food Stamp Nutrition Education Program (FSNEP) and Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP) programs. The primary goal of the ICAN program is to provide individuals with limited resources educational programs that increase the likelihood of all participants making healthy food choices consistent with the most recent dietary advice as reflected in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the MyPyramid.
During 2008 FSNEP reached 35,427 adults (White 25.1%, African American 2.1%, Native American 14.4%, Asian 0.9%, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.3%, Hispanic 57.2%) and 32,498 youth (White 16.1%, African American 2.3%, Native American 12.3%, Asian 0.3%, Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 0.1%, Hispanic 58.9%) in 411 sites in New Mexico, including the Zuni Reservation with the following results:
*Increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables among adults and youth participants by 30% statewide (actual 60%)
*Increase the consumption of whole grains among adult and youth participants by 20% statewide (actual 49%)
*Increase the consumption of dairy products among adult and youth participants by 20% statewide (actual 48%)
*Increase the number of adult participants who maintain a balance between calorie Intake and calorie expenditure by 20% statewide (actual 56%)
*Increase the number of adult participants who use shopping lists by 20% statewide (actual 42%)
*Increase the number of adult and youth participants who compare food prices by 20% statewide (actual 31%)
*Increase the number of adult participants who prepare a food budget by 20% statewide (actual 54%)
*Increase the number of adult and youth participants who wash their hands immediately after handling raw meat or poultry by 20% statewide (actual 11%)
*Increase the number of adult and youth participants who keep perishable foods at room temperature for less than two hours by 20% statewide (actual 36%)
*Increase the number of adult participants who keep food in the house to make last minute meals by 20% statewide (actual 31%)
*Increase the number of adult participants who cook extra food to use for lunches or meals on busy days by 30% statewide (actual 44%)
*Increase the number of youth participants who cook at home by 40% statewide (actual 52%)
During the last quarter of 2008 the evaluation tool for FSNEP was changed and administered to 220 adults. Preliminary data analysis for the 16 question pre- and post-survey show substantial improvement at the group level. More rigorous analysis will be conducted for adults and youth during 2009.
During 2008 EFNEP reached 882 adults and 2,175 youth in Bernalillo and Dona Ana counties. Fifteen educators provided 15,392 hours of education to graduate 801 adults (White 8%, African American 1%, Native American 2%, Hispanic 83%) and 2,175 youth (White 16%, African American 3%, Native American 1%, Hispanic 79%) .
Two evaluation tools are used with the adult EFNEP population - a 24-hour food recall and a 10 question Behavior Change questionnaire. The following results were reported using the 24-hour food recall:
* 15.5% increase in intake of grains
* 16.6% increase in intake of fruits
* 36.4% increase in intake of vegetables
* 28.6% increase in intake of milk
* 15.3% increase in Intake of meats & beans
A summary of the nutrient adequacy ratio for protein, iron, calcium, vitamins A, C, and B6 show an increase of 16.7%.
The 10 question Behavior Change Questionnaire show the following results:
* 45% improved in the area of planning meals
* 45% improved in the area of comparing prices
* 42% improved in having food for the month
* 45% improved in using a grocery list
* 40% improved in following recommended guidelines for letting foods sit out
* 58% improved in thawing foods properly
* 38% improved in providing healthy food choices for their families
* 38% improved in prepared foods without adding salt
* 51% improved in using Nutrition Facts to make food choices
* 45% improved in providing breakfast for their children
Keep Moving Keep Healthy (KMKH)
Keep Moving, Keep Healthy with Diabetes is an educational program developed by Joslin Diabetes Center that targets adults who have diabetes or at risk for developing diabetes. This program is designed to assist individuals in addressing barriers to increasing physical activity and to become more active. KMKH helps individuals with diabetes begin self-management of their diabetes and for those at risk for developing diabetes to help prolong a diagnosis with proper diet and being more physically active. In 2008 plans were made to implement this program in at least 10 counties for 2009 with the assistance of a grant from Joslin ($51,604) materials are provided for each participant to include an exercise DVD, a pedometer, a tape measure, and medical testing – A1C, total cholesterol, and blood pressure. Training materials were developed and promoted through Centra. Training for the home economist was
Coordinated Approach to Children's Health (CATCH)
CATCH is the largest evidence-based coordinated school health program in the United States, teaching children to identify, practice, and adopt healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. In 2008 13,028 students (White 37.7%, African American 3.5%, Native American 3.9%, Hispanic 55.4%) received CATCH programming through one of the 44 participating elementary schools during the school day, 1,218 students (ethnicity information not collected) received CATCH programming during after school through the YMCA, and another 110 students (ethnicity information not collected) received CATCH programming. Funding for the CATCH program is provided from the New Mexico Department of Health for in school programming ($255,000) and from the New Mexico Public Education Department for after school programming ($100,000).
Fit Families
Fit Families is a Healthy lifestyle program for overweight children and their families which provides the knowledge, skills, abilities, and support to learn and incorporate healthy eating behavior and physical activity in their daily lives and improve self-esteem, all of which will improve health and enhance quality of life. Pediatricians, specialists, dietitians, school nurses, youth organizations, and case managers refer clients and patients, expanding their ability to address the problem of childhood obesity.
Six series of Fit Families classes were held in 2008. A total of 165 children and family members participated (attended some of the classes); 70% of the participants graduated (attended at least 5 of the 7 classes) from the program. Of the total 165 participants, 5% were Non-Hispanic and 89% Hispanic, 2% each were either both, African American or other.
Fit Families has expanded to the southern part of Dona Ana County in 2008 by proving 3 classes in Anthony, funded through the New Mexico Department of Health. These classes serve the needs of this border community which are primarily Spanish speakers. A bi-monthly newsletter was developed to mail to children who participated in Fit Families and contains family-oriented exercise activities, food recipes, and health tips.
Funding for Fit Families is provided through a grant from General Mills ($24,000). A new grant was awarded for $15,000 from the New Mexico Diabetes Prevention & Control Program (Department of Health) for 2008.
Just Be It! Healthy and Fit/ICAN Program (These statistics include the total JBI program which includes Santa Fe, Los Alamos and Rio Arriba) Taos is listed seperately.
Childhood obesity has been identified as a major health concern throughout the U.S. Three times as many children are overweight today as compared with 20 years ago. The New Mexico Department of Health reports a 57% increase in obesity/overweight prevalence among adults and that 24% of high school students are overweight or at-risk for becoming overweight.
The Just Be It! Healthy and Fit Program (JBI) promotes healthy lifestyles by reducing risk factors for 5th grade students in 3 counties – Rio Arriba, Santa Fe and Los Alamos.
To kick off the program, Extension Agents from Los Alamos, Rio Arriba and Santa Fe counties conducted the Just Be it! Healthy and Fit field trip, a tri-county, educational nutrition and fitness school enrichment program offered to fifth graders in each of the named counties. This year's field trip began with a JBI Jeopardy game - setting the tone for the 4 workshops. The field trip consists of four, 45 minute workshops: MyPyramid, Vary Your Veggies and Focus on Fruits, Power up With Exercise, and Fun with Food Facts. Workshops are aligned to the NM Health Education Standards and Benchmarks. The extension agents from each county presented or participated in each of the workshops. Three field trips were conducted at the beginning of the 2008-09 school year. Los Alamos County - 244 students from six elementary schools, 173 W, 1 NA, 51 H, 1017 A. 141 females and 103 males. In Rio Arriba: 134 students from four elementary schools participated, 5 WH, 1AI, 128 H, 61 male, 73 female. Santa Fe County had 1 school that participated- 76 students from one elementary school, 7 w, 1 B, 5 NA, 88 H, 2 A. 40 male, 36 female. Students and teachers participating in the field trip also received a student/parent handout developed by Extension agents, containing information and activities about healthy eating, food safety, goal setting and physical fitness. Twenty four teachers from the 3 counties participated in the field trips and received a classroom exercise kit consisting of flying discs, scooter boards, ball toss, balls, regular jump ropes, double dutch jump ropes, and rackets. Teacher classroom resource kits included USDA MyPyramid lessons for grades 5-6, CDC Health Stores, MyPyramid handouts for each student, 4-H pamphlets and other health and nutrition information. A total of 455 students participated in the field trip. Based on the average results from the pre and post tests in participating counties, students indicated a knowledge gain of 24.3%.
Other components of the JBI program include follow-up classroom instruction, intensive evaluation regarding behavior change, parent education, and community awareness of childhood obesity issues. Classroom instruction usually begins in October through April/May in each county.
For the classroom component, the agent worked with a total of 7 classes within the 3 counties from October through April/May 2006-2007. Approximately 155 students participated in the classroom program. JBI classroom instruction included intense activities to learn the all the major food groups, fats, fast food consumer decision making, goal setting, fun ways to exercise including dance pads and numerous other physical fitness activities, as well as food safety, label reading, serving sizes, how the media influences our food choices and healthy snacks. Approximately 79 workshops were delivered during that time.
A statistical analysis on the program data in the 2nd year (2007-2008) showed the students gained knowledge on nutrition and fitness from the beginning of the school year to the end of the school year. There was a statistically significant increase in nutrition knowledge scores for fifth grade students from September 2007 to May 2008.
Students increased their nutrition knowledge as a result of receiving nutrition classes during the school year. 155 students received classroom instruction and 108 of them completed both the pre and post tests on nutrition knowledge. The pre-survey average score was 8.83 and the post test average score was 14.88 (out of a possible 16 points) showing a 6.05 point gain, or 41% knowledge gain. The difference in scores was statistically significant (p=.0001).
Evaluations conducted for behavior change regarding eating more fruits and vegetables and increasing physical activity were proven to be invalid. However, although not statistically significant, an average of 54% of students did report eating more fruits and veggies and an average 58% of students reported being more physical active. A new behavior survey and food recall have been created.
Results from the parent education components: Newsletters were written, distributed throughout the year and evaluated. 138 parents were sent 8 take home newsletters. 71 parents showed an increase in knowledge as a result of receiving eight newsletters at home. The pretest score average was 74% and the post test score average was 90% (out of 100%). There was a 16% knowledge gain for parents. The return rate for the newsletter evaluations was 54%. (n= 138). In addition, almost everyone wrote comments about what they liked best about the in-school programs, such as "The discussions about better health choices. It shows they how to take care of your body. The dance mats. The cook book is great! How to eat healthier and work out. That it got him to try different foods. They give us new recipes.It taught my daughter a lot about health. Eating greens, milk and fiber. I think the school lunch and breakfast need help."
Additional parent involvement: Two parents nights on MyPyramid and physicial activity were held in Santa Fe County in the spring. The SF county agent conducted the programs with assistance for the Rio Arriba Extension Agent and Home Economist. Six parents showed an increase in knowledge as a result of attending the programs. The pretest score average was 53% and the post test score average was 96%. There was a 43% knowledge gain for parents. The evaluation return rate was 38%. Everyone wrote comments about what they liked best about these programs such as: "The opportunity to ask questions and get answers. Aprendi mucho sobre la nutricion para mi familia. La forma de explicar y ayudar a manteneros sanos."
A parent night was held in Rio Arriba County in May 2008. Educational programs on MyPyramid and physical activity were presented to over 50 attendees. Seventeen parents showed an increase in knowledge gain as a result of attending the program. The pretest score average was 67% and the post test score average was 94% There was a 27% knowledge gain for parents. The evaluation return rate was 48% (n=50). Almost everyone wrote comments about what they liked best about this program, such as: "Felt comfortable and welcome. Learning about nutrition and watching my kids have so much fun (yogurt parfait). How interrested the kids were. Good energy, mental and physical."
The long term objective of expanding the program to other New Mexico counties showed progress. The first statewide training on the Just Be It program was conducted by Extension personnel on April 7, 2008 in Las Cruces, NM for County Extension agents and SFI personnel. The Just Be It! Healthy and Fit curriculum was written, organized and is beginning the organizing and editing process. A workshop on the program was presented at the National AfterSchool Conference March 2008 and at Galaxy 2008 in September 2008 to gain national visibility.
As a result of these actions and other statewide trainings as well as access to the prgram website, it is expected that one-third of the county agents will soon offer the program in their county and show positive results for yout.
Curriculum development and revision of the JBI curriculum is also part of the JBI grants goals and objectives. The agent spent several weeks during the summer months working on the development and revisions of the curriculum. The program is currently with the JBI committee.
ICAN Program – Rio Arriba County
Just Be It Healthy and Fit Program
See above information regarding the JBI/ICAN program for the 2007-2008 school year. The JBI school year program is also an ICAN funded program.
County Camp
The agent presented a workshop for Rio Arriba County 4-Hers on nutrition and fitness. 53 people, 24 HM, 23 HF, 4 WM, 1 NAF received information through the JBI Jeopardy game, prepared a healthy snack, and participated in a fitness skillastics game.
Rio Arriba County Fair
The agent set up a JBI display with a variety of information, including Childhood Obesity, What Parents Can Do About Their Obese Child, Exercise ideas, Diabetes Information, Listeria, Food Safety, and a variety of other health related information.
During the fair 40 students participated in the "Fitness Trail Scavenger Hunt." Students had to work their way through the fair and find out a variety of information about the fair, health and nutrition, and exercise. At the completion of the scavenger hunt sheet, students received a water bottle, pedometer, jump rope and the County Recreation and Food Resource Guide. This was a fun way for kids to learn health issues, learn who their county agents are, and find out a variety of "fair" facts.
Food safety Workshop
The agent presented a food safety workshop in Gallina for food service workers at Gallina Elementary School. 15 people attended. 4 M, 11 F, 3 HM, 5 HF, 2NMF, 1 WM, 4 WF.
Taos County Fair
The agent set up an ICAN Display with a variety of information, including the same items as above.
JBI Program Taos
The agent delivered over 18 classroom programs to three classes from December through May at the Ranchos Elementary School to fifth grade students. Approximately 69 students participated in the program. Instruction included intense activities to learn all the major food groups, fats, fast food consumer decision making, fun ways to exercise, and other fitness activities as well as food safety and making healthy snacks.
The agent conducted a pre- and post-test evaluation with Ranchos elementary school students, Pre test scores were average 53.5% and post test scores average were 81.5%, for a total knowledge gain of 28%.
Childhood obesity has been identified as a major health concern throughout the U.S. Three times as many children are overweight today as compared with 20 years ago. The New Mexico Department of Health reports a 57% increase in obesity/overweight prevalence among adults and that 24% of high school students are overweight or at-risk for becoming overweight.
The Just Be It! Healthy and Fit Program (JBI) promotes healthy lifestyles by reducing risk factors for 5th grade students in 3 counties – Rio Arriba, Santa Fe and Los Alamos.
To kick off the program, Extension Agents from Los Alamos, Rio Arriba and Santa Fe counties conducted the Just Be it! Healthy and Fit field trip, a tri-county, educational nutrition and fitness school enrichment program offered to fifth graders in each of the named counties. This year's field trip began with a JBI Jeopardy game - setting the tone for the 4 workshops. The field trip consists of four, 45 minute workshops: MyPyramid, Vary Your Veggies and Focus on Fruits, Power up With Exercise, and Fun with Food Facts. Workshops are aligned to the NM Health Education Standards and Benchmarks. The extension agents from each county presented or participated in each of the workshops. Three field trips were conducted at the beginning of the 2008-09 school year. Los Alamos County - 244 students from six elementary schools, 173 W, 1 NA, 51 H, 1017 A. 141 females and 103 males. In Rio Arriba: 134 students from four elementary schools participated, 5 WH, 1AI, 128 H, 61 male, 73 female. Santa Fe County had 1 school that participated- 76 students from one elementary school, 7 w, 1 B, 5 NA, 88 H, 2 A. 40 male, 36 female. Students and teachers participating in the field trip also received a student/parent handout developed by Extension agents, containing information and activities about healthy eating, food safety, goal setting and physical fitness. Twenty four teachers from the 3 counties participated in the field trips and received a classroom exercise kit consisting of flying discs, scooter boards, ball toss, balls, regular jump ropes, double dutch jump ropes, and rackets. Teacher classroom resource kits included USDA MyPyramid lessons for grades 5-6, CDC Health Stores, MyPyramid handouts for each student, 4-H pamphlets and other health and nutrition information. A total of 455 students participated in the field trip. Based on the average results from the pre and post tests in participating counties, students indicated a knowledge gain of 24.3%.
Other components of the JBI program include follow-up classroom instruction, intensive evaluation regarding behavior change, parent education, and community awareness of childhood obesity issues. Classroom instruction usually begins in October through April/May in each county.
For the classroom component, the agent worked with a total of 7 classes within the 3 counties from October through April/May 2006-2007. Approximately 155 students participated in the classroom program. JBI classroom instruction included intense activities to learn the all the major food groups, fats, fast food consumer decision making, goal setting, fun ways to exercise including dance pads and numerous other physical fitness activities, as well as food safety, label reading, serving sizes, how the media influences our food choices and healthy snacks. Approximately 79 workshops were delivered during that time.
A statistical analysis on the program data in the 2nd year (2007-2008) showed the students gained knowledge on nutrition and fitness from the beginning of the school year to the end of the school year. There was a statistically significant increase in nutrition knowledge scores for fifth grade students from September 2007 to May 2008.
Students increased their nutrition knowledge as a result of receiving nutrition classes during the school year. 155 students received classroom instruction and 108 of them completed both the pre and post tests on nutrition knowledge. The pre-survey average score was 8.83 and the post test average score was 14.88 (out of a possible 16 points) showing a 6.05 point gain, or 41% knowledge gain. The difference in scores was statistically significant (p=.0001).
Evaluations conducted for behavior change regarding eating more fruits and vegetables and increasing physical activity were proven to be invalid. However, although not statistically significant, an average of 54% of students did report eating more fruits and veggies and an average 58% of students reported being more physical active. A new behavior survey and food recall have been created.
Results from the parent education components: Newsletters were written, distributed throughout the year and evaluated. 138 parents were sent 8 take home newsletters. 71 parents showed an increase in knowledge as a result of receiving eight newsletters at home. The pretest score average was 74% and the post test score average was 90% (out of 100%). There was a 16% knowledge gain for parents. The return rate for the newsletter evaluations was 54%. (n= 138). In addition, almost everyone wrote comments about what they liked best about the in-school programs, such as "The discussions about better health choices. It shows they how to take care of your body. The dance mats. The cook book is great! How to eat healthier and work out. That it got him to try different foods. They give us new recipes.It taught my daughter a lot about health. Eating greens, milk and fiber. I think the school lunch and breakfast need help."
Additional parent involvement: Two parents nights on MyPyramid and physicial activity were held in Santa Fe County in the spring. The SF county agent conducted the programs with assistance for the Rio Arriba Extension Agent and Home Economist. Six parents showed an increase in knowledge as a result of attending the programs. The pretest score average was 53% and the post test score average was 96%. There was a 43% knowledge gain for parents. The evaluation return rate was 38%. Everyone wrote comments about what they liked best about these programs such as: "The opportunity to ask questions and get answers. Aprendi mucho sobre la nutricion para mi familia. La forma de explicar y ayudar a manteneros sanos."
A parent night was held in Rio Arriba County in May 2008. Educational programs on MyPyramid and physical activity were presented to over 50 attendees. Seventeen parents showed an increase in knowledge gain as a result of attending the program. The pretest score average was 67% and the post test score average was 94% There was a 27% knowledge gain for parents. The evaluation return rate was 48% (n=50). Almost everyone wrote comments about what they liked best about this program, such as: "Felt comfortable and welcome. Learning about nutrition and watching my kids have so much fun (yogurt parfait). How interrested the kids were. Good energy, mental and physical."
The long term objective of expanding the program to other New Mexico counties showed progress. The first statewide training on the Just Be It program was conducted by Extension personnel on April 7, 2008 in Las Cruces, NM for County Extension agents and SFI personnel. The Just Be It! Healthy and Fit curriculum was written, organized and is beginning the organizing and editing process. A workshop on the program was presented at the National AfterSchool Conference March 2008 and at Galaxy 2008 in September 2008 to gain national visibility.
As a result of these actions and other statewide trainings as well as access to the prgram website, it is expected that one-third of the county agents will soon offer the program in their county and show positive results for yout.
Curriculum development and revision of the JBI curriculum is also part of the JBI grants goals and objectives. The agent spent several weeks during the summer months working on the development and revisions of the curriculum. The program is currently with the JBI committee.
ICAN Program – Rio Arriba County
Just Be It Healthy and Fit Program
See above information regarding the JBI/ICAN program for the 2007-2008 school year. The JBI school year program is also an ICAN funded program.
County Camp
The agent presented a workshop for Rio Arriba County 4-Hers on nutrition and fitness. 53 people, 24 HM, 23 HF, 4 WM, 1 NAF received information through the JBI Jeopardy game, prepared a healthy snack, and participated in a fitness skillastics game.
Rio Arriba County Fair
The agent set up a JBI display with a variety of information, including Childhood Obesity, What Parents Can Do About Their Obese Child, Exercise ideas, Diabetes Information, Listeria, Food Safety, and a variety of other health related information.
During the fair 40 students participated in the "Fitness Trail Scavenger Hunt." Students had to work their way through the fair and find out a variety of information about the fair, health and nutrition, and exercise. At the completion of the scavenger hunt sheet, students received a water bottle, pedometer, jump rope and the County Recreation and Food Resource Guide. This was a fun way for kids to learn health issues, learn who their county agents are, and find out a variety of "fair" facts.
Food safety Workshop
The agent presented a food safety workshop in Gallina for food service workers at Gallina Elementary School. 15 people attended. 4 M, 11 F, 3 HM, 5 HF, 2NMF, 1 WM, 4 WF.
Taos County Fair
The agent set up an ICAN Display with a variety of information, including the same items as above.
JBI Program Taos
The agent delivered over 18 classroom programs to three classes from December through May at the Ranchos Elementary School to fifth grade students. Approximately 69 students participated in the program. Instruction included intense activities to learn all the major food groups, fats, fast food consumer decision making, fun ways to exercise, and other fitness activities as well as food safety and making healthy snacks.
The agent conducted a pre- and post-test evaluation with Ranchos elementary school students, Pre test scores were average 53.5% and post test scores average were 81.5%, for a total knowledge gain of 28%.
Rio Arriba County
Childhood obesity has been identified as a major health concern throughout the U.S. Three times as many children are overweight today as compared with 20 years ago. The New Mexico Department of Health reports a 57% increase in obesity/overweight prevalence among adults and that 24% of high school students are overweight or at-risk for becoming overweight.
The ICAN/Just Be It! Healthy and Fit Program (JBI) promotes healthy lifestyles by reducing risk factors for 5th grade students in 3 counties – Rio Arriba, Santa Fe and Los Alamos.
To kick off the program, Extension Agents from Los Alamos, Rio Arriba and Santa Fe counties conducted the Just Be it! Healthy and Fit field trip, a tri-county, educational nutrition and fitness school enrichment program offered to fifth graders in each of the named counties. This year's field trip began with a JBI Jeopardy game - setting the tone for the 4 workshops. The field trip consists of four, 45 minute workshops: MyPyramid, Vary Your Veggies and Focus on Fruits, Power up With Exercise, and Fun with Food. Workshops are aligned to the NM Health Education Standards and Benchmarks. The extension agents from each county presented or participated in each of the workshops. Three field trips were conducted by September 30th, 2007. Los Alamos - 131 students from three elementary schools, 94 W, 1 AI, 26 H, 10 A. 67 females and 64 males. In Rio Arriba: 116 students from 2 elementary schools participated, 3 wH, 2 black, 2 AI, 108 H, 1 A, 62 male, 54 female. Santa Fe - 103 students from one elementary school, 7 w, 1 B, 5 NA, 88 H, 2 A. 51 male, 52 female. Students and teachers participating in the field trip also received a student/parent handout developed by Extension agents, containing information and activities about healthy eating, food safety, goal setting and physical fitness. Sixteen teachers from the 3 counties participated in the field trips and received a classroom exercise kit consisting of exercise bands, jump ropes, pedometers, flying disks, hula hoops and an exercise booklet. Teacher classroom resource kits included USDA MyPyramid lessons for grades 5-6, CDC Health Stores, MyPyramid handouts for each student, 4-H pamphlets and other health and nutrition information. A total of 350 students participated in the field trip. Based on the average results from the pre and post tests in participating counties, students indicated a knowledge gain of 28%.
Other components of the JBI program include follow-up classroom instruction, intensive evaluation regarding behavior change, parent education, and community awareness of childhood obesity issues. Classroom instruction usually begins in October through April/May in each county.
For the classroom component, the agent conducted approximately 12 classes in each of the 3 counties from October through April/May 2006-2007. Approximately 140 students participated in the classroom program. JBI classroom instruction included intense activities to learn the major all food groups, fats, fast food consumer decision making, goal setting, fun ways to exercise including dance pads and numerous other physical fitness activities, as well as food safety, label reading, serving sizes, how the media influences our food choices and healthy snacks.
The program implemented an experimental research design using control and treatment groups in 2006-2007. Validity and reliability were established for the nutrition knowledge test. Sixty-two students in the control group and 121 students in the treatment group completed pre and post tests on nutrition knowledge, intake of fruits and vegetables, and on physical activity. Control group subjects included 37 students from Rio Arriba County and 25 from Los Alamos County.
A statistical analysis on the program data in the 1st year (2006-2007) showed that students gained knowledge on nutrition from the beginning of the school year to the end of the school year. The control group of students, who did not receive the nutrition classes, raised their test scores 0.7 points or 4%, while the test scores for students who received the nutrition classes went up 4.35 points or 27%. There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge gain between the control and experimental groups at the .05 level. In terms of percent of students who gained knowledge, 98.4% of students gained knowledge from the classroom program and field trip. Using a control and experimental group verified that there was a statistically significant difference in the groups' nutrition knowledge as a direct result of receiving instruction from the program. This finding is especially important because it is the first step in documenting that the curriculum is evidenced-based.
The data from the fruit and vegetable intake and the physical activity survey were not usable. Students could not accurately remember what they ate or what physical activity they did in the previous week. Although it was disappointing to not use the data, this finding was critical in revising the evaluation instruments for physical activity and food recalls in 2007-2008.
Parents and teachers were also evaluated. In order to provide nutrition knowledge to families for the Just Be It! program, 8 newsletters were given to fifth grade students in the 3 counties of Los Alamos, Rio Arriba, and Santa Fe. Students took the newsletters home to their parents during the school year of 2006-2007. An evaluation tool which asked parents to rate their knowledge before and after reading the take-home newsletter was developed. These rating sheets were distributed to 140 children to take home in May, 2007. Teachers from the 6 participating classes in the 3 counties were also asked to complete the form. The return rate for newsletter evaluations was 26% (n=32).
Results from all 3 counties showed that the percentage of parents and teachers who reported knowing a little about nutrition knowledge before reading the newsletter ranged from 19 to 58%. The percentage who reported knowing a lot after reading the newsletters ranged from 84 to 100%. There was a knowledge gain reported as a result of distributing the 8 newsletters. In addition, almost everyone wrote comments about the program. Comments made about the program were: “My child liked the healthy snacks and physical games. My child learned to eat healthier. I wish the classes could have been longer and more of them. Now when we go to the store we buy more vegetables. Good program, I wish there could be more programs like this.” Average knowledge gain for parents and teachers was 28%. However, 100% of parents and teachers who returned the survey had gained knowledge.
Chimayo Boys and Girls Club 9-12 year olds
Students participating in this program became aware of the importance of and practiced strategies for leading a healthy lifestyle. The agent conducted 6 food and nutrition workshops utilizing the USDA Nutrition and Food Safety Classroom Activities. Hands-on lessons included understanding MyPyramid, preparing low-cost healthy snacks, and understanding the importance of physical activity. 22 students scored an average of 74% on the evaluation instrument. Selected evaluation results:
90% of students understood the need for 60 minutes of physical activity each day.
81% of students understood that skipping meals, and not eating a variety of food is unhealthy.
90% of students understood the importance of washing of washing hands for at least 20 seconds.
Chimayo Boys and Girls Club 6-8 year olds
Students participating in this program became aware of the importance of and practiced strategies for leading a healthy lifestyle. Students participated in 6 food and nutrition workshops utilizing the USDA Nutrition and Food Safety Classroom Activities. Hands-on lessons included understanding MyPyramid, preparing low-cost healthy snacks, understanding the importance of physical activity were taught. 12 students scored an average of 81% on the evaluation instrument. Selected evaluation results:
91% of students knew the correct number of servings needed daily from the milk group.
100% of students understood that fruits and vegetables give you vitamins and minerals.
100% of students understood that too much sugar and fat is not good for the body.
Cloverbud Day Camp
The agent conducted a series of 5 health and nutrition workshops with the Cloverbud Day Camp participants. 22 students from 5 – 8 years old participated in the program. Through a verbal assessment and show of hands at the end of the program students knowledge gain is as follows
95% of students understood the importance of eating fruits and vegetables.
95% of the students understood the importance of handwashing.
95% of students understood the importance of the milk group for bone health.
ICAN Program-Taos County
Enos Garcia Elementary School – 4th grade
An adjusted version of the Just Be It! Healthy and Fit classroom program was conducted to reach 4th graders in 2 classes, reaching 31 students. Students participating in this program became aware of the importance of and practiced strategies for leading a healthy lifestyle. Students participated in a series of 7 nutrition and fitness workshops in each class from November through April 2006-2007. Students were evaluated through a pre and post test knowledge gain instrument. Combined scores for both classrooms resulted in a 22% knowledge gain.
Taos Pueblo Day School – 5th grade
For Taos Pueblo, a “condensed” version of the Just Be It! Healthy and Fit classroom program was conducted in 1 class, reaching 17 Native American students. Students participating in this program became aware of the importance of and practiced strategies for leading a healthy lifestyle. Students participated in a series of 8 nutrition and fitness workshops in each class from November through April 2006-2007. Students were evaluated through a pre and post test knowledge gain instrument. The JBI classes resulted in a 25% knowledge gain.
Taos Community Center Summer Program
Students participating in this program became aware of the importance of and practiced strategies for leading a healthy lifestyle. Students participated in 4 food and nutrition workshops utilizing the USDA Nutrition and Food Safety Classroom Activities. Hands-on lessons included understanding MyPyramid, preparing low-cost healthy snacks, understanding the importance of physical activity, and the importance of eating fruits and vegetables, as well as foods from all the food groups. 19 students scored an average of 96% on the evaluation instrument. The majority of students: new the correct number of servings needed daily from the milk group, understood that fruits and vegetables give you vitamins and minerals, understood that too much sugar and fat is not good for the body, among other important health and nutrition facts.
Childhood obesity has been identified as a major health concern throughout the U.S. Three times as many children are overweight today as compared with 20 years ago. The New Mexico Department of Health reports a 57% increase in obesity/overweight prevalence among adults and that 24% of high school students are overweight or at-risk for becoming overweight.
The ICAN/Just Be It! Healthy and Fit Program (JBI) promotes healthy lifestyles by reducing risk factors for 5th grade students in 3 counties – Rio Arriba, Santa Fe and Los Alamos.
To kick off the program, Extension Agents from Los Alamos, Rio Arriba and Santa Fe counties conducted the Just Be it! Healthy and Fit field trip, a tri-county, educational nutrition and fitness school enrichment program offered to fifth graders in each of the named counties. This year's field trip began with a JBI Jeopardy game - setting the tone for the 4 workshops. The field trip consists of four, 45 minute workshops: MyPyramid, Vary Your Veggies and Focus on Fruits, Power up With Exercise, and Fun with Food. Workshops are aligned to the NM Health Education Standards and Benchmarks. The extension agents from each county presented or participated in each of the workshops. Three field trips were conducted by September 30th, 2007. Los Alamos - 131 students from three elementary schools, 94 W, 1 AI, 26 H, 10 A. 67 females and 64 males. In Rio Arriba: 116 students from 2 elementary schools participated, 3 wH, 2 black, 2 AI, 108 H, 1 A, 62 male, 54 female. Santa Fe - 103 students from one elementary school, 7 w, 1 B, 5 NA, 88 H, 2 A. 51 male, 52 female. Students and teachers participating in the field trip also received a student/parent handout developed by Extension agents, containing information and activities about healthy eating, food safety, goal setting and physical fitness. Sixteen teachers from the 3 counties participated in the field trips and received a classroom exercise kit consisting of exercise bands, jump ropes, pedometers, flying disks, hula hoops and an exercise booklet. Teacher classroom resource kits included USDA MyPyramid lessons for grades 5-6, CDC Health Stores, MyPyramid handouts for each student, 4-H pamphlets and other health and nutrition information. A total of 350 students participated in the field trip. Based on the average results from the pre and post tests in participating counties, students indicated a knowledge gain of 28%.
Other components of the JBI program include follow-up classroom instruction, intensive evaluation regarding behavior change, parent education, and community awareness of childhood obesity issues. Classroom instruction usually begins in October through April/May in each county.
For the classroom component, the agent conducted approximately 12 classes in each of the 3 counties from October through April/May 2006-2007. Approximately 140 students participated in the classroom program. JBI classroom instruction included intense activities to learn the major all food groups, fats, fast food consumer decision making, goal setting, fun ways to exercise including dance pads and numerous other physical fitness activities, as well as food safety, label reading, serving sizes, how the media influences our food choices and healthy snacks.
The program implemented an experimental research design using control and treatment groups in 2006-2007. Validity and reliability were established for the nutrition knowledge test. Sixty-two students in the control group and 121 students in the treatment group completed pre and post tests on nutrition knowledge, intake of fruits and vegetables, and on physical activity. Control group subjects included 37 students from Rio Arriba County and 25 from Los Alamos County.
A statistical analysis on the program data in the 1st year (2006-2007) showed that students gained knowledge on nutrition from the beginning of the school year to the end of the school year. The control group of students, who did not receive the nutrition classes, raised their test scores 0.7 points or 4%, while the test scores for students who received the nutrition classes went up 4.35 points or 27%. There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge gain between the control and experimental groups at the .05 level. In terms of percent of students who gained knowledge, 98.4% of students gained knowledge from the classroom program and field trip. Using a control and experimental group verified that there was a statistically significant difference in the groups' nutrition knowledge as a direct result of receiving instruction from the program. This finding is especially important because it is the first step in documenting that the curriculum is evidenced-based.
The data from the fruit and vegetable intake and the physical activity survey were not usable. Students could not accurately remember what they ate or what physical activity they did in the previous week. Although it was disappointing to not use the data, this finding was critical in revising the evaluation instruments for physical activity and food recalls in 2007-2008.
Parents and teachers were also evaluated. In order to provide nutrition knowledge to families for the Just Be It! program, 8 newsletters were given to fifth grade students in the 3 counties of Los Alamos, Rio Arriba, and Santa Fe. Students took the newsletters home to their parents during the school year of 2006-2007. An evaluation tool which asked parents to rate their knowledge before and after reading the take-home newsletter was developed. These rating sheets were distributed to 140 children to take home in May, 2007. Teachers from the 6 participating classes in the 3 counties were also asked to complete the form. The return rate for newsletter evaluations was 26% (n=32).
Results from all 3 counties showed that the percentage of parents and teachers who reported knowing a little about nutrition knowledge before reading the newsletter ranged from 19 to 58%. The percentage who reported knowing a lot after reading the newsletters ranged from 84 to 100%. There was a knowledge gain reported as a result of distributing the 8 newsletters. In addition, almost everyone wrote comments about the program. Comments made about the program were: “My child liked the healthy snacks and physical games. My child learned to eat healthier. I wish the classes could have been longer and more of them. Now when we go to the store we buy more vegetables. Good program, I wish there could be more programs like this.” Average knowledge gain for parents and teachers was 28%. However, 100% of parents and teachers who returned the survey had gained knowledge.
Chimayo Boys and Girls Club 9-12 year olds
Students participating in this program became aware of the importance of and practiced strategies for leading a healthy lifestyle. The agent conducted 6 food and nutrition workshops utilizing the USDA Nutrition and Food Safety Classroom Activities. Hands-on lessons included understanding MyPyramid, preparing low-cost healthy snacks, and understanding the importance of physical activity. 22 students scored an average of 74% on the evaluation instrument. Selected evaluation results:
90% of students understood the need for 60 minutes of physical activity each day.
81% of students understood that skipping meals, and not eating a variety of food is unhealthy.
90% of students understood the importance of washing of washing hands for at least 20 seconds.
Chimayo Boys and Girls Club 6-8 year olds
Students participating in this program became aware of the importance of and practiced strategies for leading a healthy lifestyle. Students participated in 6 food and nutrition workshops utilizing the USDA Nutrition and Food Safety Classroom Activities. Hands-on lessons included understanding MyPyramid, preparing low-cost healthy snacks, understanding the importance of physical activity were taught. 12 students scored an average of 81% on the evaluation instrument. Selected evaluation results:
91% of students knew the correct number of servings needed daily from the milk group.
100% of students understood that fruits and vegetables give you vitamins and minerals.
100% of students understood that too much sugar and fat is not good for the body.
Cloverbud Day Camp
The agent conducted a series of 5 health and nutrition workshops with the Cloverbud Day Camp participants. 22 students from 5 – 8 years old participated in the program. Through a verbal assessment and show of hands at the end of the program students knowledge gain is as follows
95% of students understood the importance of eating fruits and vegetables.
95% of the students understood the importance of handwashing.
95% of students understood the importance of the milk group for bone health.
ICAN Program-Taos County
Enos Garcia Elementary School – 4th grade
An adjusted version of the Just Be It! Healthy and Fit classroom program was conducted to reach 4th graders in 2 classes, reaching 31 students. Students participating in this program became aware of the importance of and practiced strategies for leading a healthy lifestyle. Students participated in a series of 7 nutrition and fitness workshops in each class from November through April 2006-2007. Students were evaluated through a pre and post test knowledge gain instrument. Combined scores for both classrooms resulted in a 22% knowledge gain.
Taos Pueblo Day School – 5th grade
For Taos Pueblo, a “condensed” version of the Just Be It! Healthy and Fit classroom program was conducted in 1 class, reaching 17 Native American students. Students participating in this program became aware of the importance of and practiced strategies for leading a healthy lifestyle. Students participated in a series of 8 nutrition and fitness workshops in each class from November through April 2006-2007. Students were evaluated through a pre and post test knowledge gain instrument. The JBI classes resulted in a 25% knowledge gain.
Taos Community Center Summer Program
Students participating in this program became aware of the importance of and practiced strategies for leading a healthy lifestyle. Students participated in 4 food and nutrition workshops utilizing the USDA Nutrition and Food Safety Classroom Activities. Hands-on lessons included understanding MyPyramid, preparing low-cost healthy snacks, understanding the importance of physical activity, and the importance of eating fruits and vegetables, as well as foods from all the food groups. 19 students scored an average of 96% on the evaluation instrument. The majority of students: new the correct number of servings needed daily from the milk group, understood that fruits and vegetables give you vitamins and minerals, understood that too much sugar and fat is not good for the body, among other important health and nutrition facts.
Desaree Whitfield Jimenez has signed on to support KA 703. Nutrition Education and Behavior within Rio Arriba County.